Work System Theory free essay sample

The Work Systems Theory is basically an output of observation, analysis, and generalization of case studies. It’s a summarization based on the business models what either are being used or had been used. In turn, this theory, by consummating itself, will be useful for understanding and analyzing the business processes currently distributed in the ongoing commercial environemnt. It is not capable to create or project a future business model or work system pattern that never has existed. †¢What are the criticisms (strengths and weaknesses of the theory)? Has the theory changed (perhaps in response to criticism? ) There is no published article discussing the strengths or weaknesses of the theory yet as the thwory is fairly new (the current model was finalized in 2006). The Work Systems Theory, in my perspective, appropriately describes â€Å"functionality unit† of small scale in business environment. A functional unit (like a project, or a specialized team using information system) is an integration of both tangibleness and intagibleness associated with the functionality. We will write a custom essay sample on Work System Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Work System Framework outlines the tangibleness and intagibleness as nine elements as well as illustrates the relationships between them (Figure 1 below). With the consideration of all encompassing elements of the core business process and activity, it explains the importance of each element and the balance between those elements convincingly. Especially, the theory has been well established for understanding the information system (IS) and business process that IS interacting with. The Work Systems Theory, in my point of view again, is not suitable for understanding or analyzing a â€Å"super macro level† system. Though the theory claims an orgnization can be viewed as a big work system, I don’t think the big work system, which contains many sub-work systems, can be effectively intepreted. Steve Alter published a serial of journal articles to revise and improve the theory. The theory has not changed fundamentally since it was initialized in year 1999 in spite of some amendments in the Work Systems Framework and Work System Life Cycle Model. †¢Are there empirical tests of the theory? What do the tests find? A few researchers applied the Work Systems Theory to understand and analyze an information system (IS) serving or being served by a business activity. Those researches spread on the overall IS performance, the interaction between IS components, and / or the IS success rate. So far, all articles have acknowledged that the Work Systems Theory explains the relationship between IS and Business Process pretty well, since almost all the researches applying the Work System s Theory are relating to information system. ?Apply the theory †¢Identify a relevant situation in your workplace. Case factors: ?two projects were going on simultanously. ?Project A was to re-write a new claim information system to replace the one that was out of date. ?Project A was behind the schedule for months. ?Project B was to migrate the source control software from SC to LN throughout the IT department. The project B team was reputable with many accomplishments in the department. ?The IT resources in project A will be effected by project B slightly. A transition period of one to two day(s) will take place to impact the progress of project A. Issues: ?The leader of Project A refused to change the source control software to LN until the project A finished. The main reason was proj ect A could not afford any further delay. ?Project B already took off with extensive analysis and did not expect the obstacle of implementation. ?Source codes interconnected with each other. It was not feasible to use SC and LN at the same time. ?IT manager was under the pressure from claim department due to the deplay of project A. Therefore no management decision was made to change source control software in project A. Result: ?Project B was forced to stop at the stage of implementation. The project was aborted. ?When project A finished couple of months later, project B team started over with analyzing and planning again as source codes structures changed significanly after the days going by. †¢Use the theory to interpret the situation. I will treat the project A and project B as 2 work systems. Apply the Work Systems Theory: ?Project A and project B are two work systems. Both have their nine necessary elements. ?The participants of project A, such as the programmers and project leader, are the customers of project B. ?Some environmental factors, like management support, company culture, priority preference, and etc, are shared by project A and B. ?We do not interpret other elements or impacting forces, which are not shown in figure 2, for understanding this case in depth. Project B team was reputable, however this is not enough to decide the project B will be a successful one. The success of a project, which is a work system, heavily depends on all nine elements and the balance or collaboration between the elements. ?When there is a conflict between two work systems (project A and B), the shared elements decide the movement direction of a work system. In this case, the decisive shared elements are: ? The IT resourc es of project A. They are both the customers of project B and the participants of project A. The environmental elements, such as management suport and project priority. Conlcusion: While many were supprised that project B team failed on a fairly simple project, the Work Systems Theory explains the phenomenon quite well. The success of a work system does not rely on one single factor. All nine encompassing elements are in eaqually importance. Project B failed due to the lack of support from its customer and the external environmental source. †¢What additional insight did the theory bring to your understanding? According to the theory, all nine elements are necessarily required to analyze and understand a work system regardless the depth of analysis and / or the size of system. The â€Å"Environment†, to me, is the most noteworthy element. It points out that success of a work system also depends on the soil in which it is planted. This explains why a successful team earned reputation in many projects might fail completely in a new project. In other words, the historical performance of a project team is not sufficient to determine the future success rate if the environmental factors of past projects are not considered. A work system is either a self-correctional system or a system that desires improvement. When a work system cannot accomplish the desired improvement by itself, a temporary work system, like a project, is created to perform the amelioration. The desirability of improvement not only is generated from the involvement of participants (human being), but also is the reason why participants are necessarily required for the system (to complete the improvement). The Work System Life Cycle Model illustrates the iterative evolvement of a work system (Figure 3 below), which shows the dynamic iteration of improvement. Those unanticipated driving forces are so true to the nature of any real business. Though all contemporary entrepreneurs are standardizing the business operation as well as codifying the contingency plans by predicting all possibilities, manpower is still the most reliable resources to cope with the unexpected situations. That is another reason why so far no business in the world is an unmanned system. Though we agree a work system can contain sub-work system(s), is there a recommended limit of recursive inclusions?

“Macbeth” and “Brave New World” Comparison Essay Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Macbeth† and â€Å"Brave New World† Comparison Essay Essay Essay Example â€Å"Macbeth† and â€Å"Brave New World† Comparison Essay Essay Essay â€Å"Macbeth† and â€Å"Brave New World† Comparison Essay Essay Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World Freedom and individuality are a important constituent of modern-day society. nevertheless there are many parts of the universe where these basic homo rights are non granted. The deficiency of these basic rights are clearly demonstrated in the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and the drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare. The leaders of many societies are willing to give guiltless lives in order for society to work harmonizing to their visions. Many leaders are willing to give the freedom of the people in order for society to run the manner they want. Furthermore. even the persons doing up the society are rather willing to give their psyches in order to populate in an fanciful universe. Equally long as they perceive felicity to be present they are really content to populate at that place. To populate in the Utopian fanciful universes of Brave New World and Macbeth. freedom and individualism are frequently sacrificed. Sacrifice is frequently a necessity when trying to make Utopian societies. However. these forfeits are non plenty to convert every person within the society. One of these persons is Bernard. who was traveling to be exiled to Iceland by the manager. because he does non believe in the society that persons after Ford believed in. Even though Bernard was conditioned when he was a kid. he could non accept what all the other persons believed. Unlike the other persons. Bernard has stunted growing and frequently felt isolated from the remainder of society. Further estranging Bernard from the remainder of society is his rejection of the promiscuous nature nowadays in his society. He besides exhibits the assorted features of work forces who existed before Ford. Bernard Marx did non believe in the everyone belonged to everyone subject that was the norm in Fords society. The manager wanted to expatriate Bernard Marx because he did non believe in the society that the manager was implementing. However. Bernard felt strong plenty to run into and get the better of affliction. strong plenty to confront even Iceland. ( Huxley 106 ) . This outlook was one of the many factors which set Bernard apart from the remainder of society. Another adult male who sets himself apart from society is Macbeth. He plots and succeeds in killing King Duncan after hearing the enchantress prognostications. Macbeths grounds for killing King Duncan are legion but most dramatic are greed and an grim desire to go King. He besides wants to do certain that he runs the state as he saw tantrum. Macbeth allows the prognostications to command him and his internal battle is demonstrated by: This supernatural soliciting Can non be badly ; can non be good: if sick why hath it given me earnest of success ( Shakespeare 27 ) . Despite his initial reluctance. he quiets his scruples taking to the barbarous slaying of King Duncan. I have done the title ( Shakespeare 70 ) . Both narratives show similarity between the Director and Macbeth. who are willing to give guiltless lives to obtain the society they want. Desiring and accomplishing the society that is envisioned is ever paralleled with loss and some kind of forfeit. Bernard Marx sacrifices the small regard that he has by conveying John Savage back to the Utopian society. Bernard and John both want the society to be more independent. Fortunately for Bernard and unluckily for the manager. society accepts John and inquiries their ain life style. Bernard believes that life should be precisely the same as John wants it to be I dont want comfort. I want God. I want poesy. I want existent danger. I want freedom. I want goodness. I want wickedness. ( Huxley 237 ) Bernard took a immense hazard in conveying John back to his society because he was put on the lining definite expatriate to Iceland had society rejected John. Macbeth sacrifices his peace of head and self-respect by killing Banquo and seeking to kill Banquos boy Fleance. At the feast Macbeth makes a sap of himself by speaking to the fanciful shade of Banquo. Blood hath been shed now. I the olden clip. Ere human legislative act purged the soft wale ; Ay. and since excessively. muders have been performed Too awful for the ear: the clip has been. That when the encephalons were out. the adult male would decease. And there an terminal: but now. they rise once more. With 20 mortal slayings on their Crowns. And push us from our stools: this is more unusual Than such a slaying is. ( Shakespeare 145 ) Many persons take note of Macbeths unusual behaviour taking them to surmise him of some disgusting title. Unfortunately for Macbeth. Macduff realizes that Macbeth is the true liquidator. This realisation leads to the eventual violent death of Macbeth. This illustrates Macbeths forfeit of his ego regard and his life in order to carry through his prognostication. Many persons are willing to give their psyches in order to go portion of the fanciful universe where merely happiness exists. John Savages female parent. Linda. sacrifices her life by taking excessively much of a drug referred to as haoma. Linda wants to acquire off from the existent universe and come in a universe of felicity. Ever since she had a kid with the Director her life changed for the worse. So the best people were rather determined non to see Linda. And Linda. for her portion. had no desire to see them. The return to civilisation was for her the return to soma. was the possibility of lying in bed and taking vacation after vacation. without of all time holding to come back to a concern or a tantrum of purging. without of all time being made to experience as you ever felt after peyotl. as though you’d done something so disgracefully anti-social that you could neer keep up your caput once more. Soma played none of these unpleasant fast ones. The vacation it gave was perfect and. if the forenoon after was disagreeable. it was so. non per se. but merely by comparing with the joys of the vacation. The redress was to do the vacation uninterrupted. Greedily she clamoured for of all time larger. of all time more frequent doses. Dr. Shaw at foremost demurred ; so allow her hold what she wanted. She took every bit much as 20 gms a twenty-four hours ( Huxley 107 ) Lenina int roduces the drug to Linda every bit shortly as Linda enters the universe after Ford. Linda looses her life and dies at the infirmary because of an overdose of haoma. the drug that is supposed to supply felicity. Lady Macbeth besides sacrifices her peace of head and finally her life so that Macbeth could be King. Lady Macbeth sets up the violent death of King Duncan at the beginning of the novel. Throughout the novel. Lady Macbeth becomes involved in many of the slayings committed by Macbeth. Unfortunately Lady Macbeth experiences a somnambulating unwellness with repeating incubuss of the slaying of King Duncan that could non be resolved. This disease is beyond my pattern: yet I have known those which have walked in their slumber who have died holily in their beds. ( Shakespeare 213 ) . The lives of Linda and Lady Macbeth can besides be viewed as victims of the Utopian societies envisioned by the manager and Macbeth. Freedom and individualism are sacrificed throughout Brave New World and Macbeth in order to accomplish the societies envisioned by the manager and Macbeth. The manager tried to expatriate Bernard merely because Bernard did non accept the norm of the Utopian society. Macbeth kills King Duncan after hearing the witchs prognostications of him being King so that he can run society the manner he wants. Bernard sacrifices his regard by conveying John Savage back place. Macbeth besides sacrifices his regard when he talks to the shade of Banquo. Linda puts her psyche on the line with an overdose of a drug called haoma. Lady Macbeth besides sacrifices her life in order for Macbeth to be King of Scotland. Many persons throughout Brave New World and Macbeth sacrifice their freedom and individuality for the society that they believed in. even if it was non the society that was accepted by the bulk of people. Bibliography Shakespeare. William. Date Modified: 1999. MacbethHuxley. Aldous. Date Modified: 1979. Weather New World